2006年硕士研究生英语试题及答案(1)

　　（A）。 Although no such evidence was preserved， the casino‘s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected. （B） It is unclear what luring was required， given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative？

　　（C） By the time he had lost $5，00， he said to himself that if he could get back to even ， he would quit ， one night he won $5，500 ，but he did not quit.

　　（D） Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever， but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin， or a social disease . Now it is a social policy ， the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government .

　　（E） David Williamds suit should trouble this gambling nation . But don‘t bet on it .

　　（F） It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems ， often defining as addiction what earlier ，sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　（G） the anoymous ，lonely ，undistracted nature of online gambling is especaillly conductive to compulsive behavior . But even if the government knew how to more against Internet gambling ， what would be its grounds for doing so？

　　Part C

　　Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society？ I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected American. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they， not American， who have become anti-intellectual.

　　First， the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual？ （46） I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底） way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously， articulately， and frankly， first by asking factual questions， then by asking moral questions， finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. （47） His function is analogous to that of a judge， who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals——the average scientist for one. 48） I have excluded him because， while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems， he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings， he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—— he is not supposed to cook his experiments， manufacture evidence， or doctor his reports. 49） But his primary task is not to think about the moral code， which governs his activity， any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted， as the businessman takes his ethics.