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¡¡¡¡Certainly their description of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river¡ªand then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."

¡¡¡¡This, though it fills the law and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition:that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.The whole question is really this:have we essentially changed?

¡¡¡¡59.This passage is mainly .

¡¡¡¡[A]a survey of new approaches to art[B]a review of Futurist poetry

¡¡¡¡[C]about the merits of Futurist movement[D]about laws and requirements of literature

¡¡¡¡60.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to .

¡¡¡¡[A]determine its purposes[B]ignore its flaws

¡¡¡¡[C]follow the new fashions[D]accept the principles

¡¡¡¡61.Futurists claim that we must .

¡¡¡¡[A]increase the production of literature[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

¡¡¡¡[C]develop new modes of expression[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

¡¡¡¡62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is .

¡¡¡¡[A]based on reasonabe principles[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

¡¡¡¡[C]indicative of basic change in human nature[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

¡¡¡¡Passage4

¡¡¡¡Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.

¡¡¡¡The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maleª²dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satified with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.

¡¡¡¡While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tend to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and selfª²expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores¡ªpersonality, ability, courage or humanity¡ªare completely ignored,"says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild."Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidence of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War¢òhad weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."