英语学习：幽默大揭秘（干涉式）

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干涉：指语言的组合违拗了语言体系对语言的组合的规定性，造成语言审美经验同现实语言的矛盾性干涉，并在新的层次和新的语言信息解码原则上统一了起来，形成幽默。它包括揭示表里矛盾和前后抵牾两大类。

一、揭示表里矛盾的，如双关、闪避、伸缩和殊比

1．双关就是利用语音和语义，一句话把双方面的意思都“关照”到。如：

Khrushchev and Pig (赫鲁哓夫与猪)

Khrushchev insisted on visiting pigsty (猪圈)of the farm alone, thus the cameraman shot (拍照) him from various angles. Returning to the news agency , the reporter planned to announce (发表，宣告) it on the Pravda （俄语，真理报）with the headline of Comrade Khrushchev at pigsty , but the editor-in-chief said that would impair(损害，削弱) the leader’s image. It fell out (结果) the following day the people of Soviets read the headline on the Pravda:
Comrade Khrushchev Inspects Farm
The photograph redeemed(弥补) —— the third from the left is Comrade Khrushchev.

赫鲁晓夫执意单独参观农场的猪圈，摄影记者从不同的角度拍了照。回到报社后，想以赫鲁晓夫同志在猪圈为标题发表在真理报上，主编说样会影响领导形象。结果，第二天，苏联人民手里拿到的真理报上的标题是：
赫鲁晓夫同志视察农场
照片提示则是——左起第三位为赫鲁晓夫同志。

迷你小贴士——词义辨析：

announce ：发表，宣告。指以官方或以公众的方式发布消息。
Proclaim；正式宣布，如公布政策、法律、战争、和平等。
Publish；出版，发表，公布。
Declare：宣布主张，使公众知道。
Manifesto：发表宣言、声明。

Encountering Pushkins （遭遇普希金）

A Russia juvenile （少年，法律词汇） wanted to dance a dance（同源宾语） with a noble young lady at a duke （公爵）family party in Petersburg（彼得堡）, but that lady refused him disdainfully: “ I hate dancing with a child.” The juvenile saved his face swiftly, saying: “ I don’t know you are with child(怀孕).” This was no other than Pushkins , romantic great poet afterward.

在彼得堡一位公爵的家庭舞会上，有一位俄罗斯少年想请一个漂亮的贵族小姐跳舞，女方不屑地说：“我不带小孩跳舞。”少年敏捷挽回了面子，说：“我不知道你怀有孩子了。”此人后来就是风流倜傥的大诗人普希金。

迷你小贴士——强式判断句

1．主语+ be + no other than/ none but +强调部分
Our policy of cadres is to appoint none but people on their merit.
2．主语+ be +nothing + but/else than /less than+强调部分
Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
3． It is /was + that-clause
4． That’s the very thing I need..
5. He is a trickster out and out.
6. Gold remains gold.
7. It is neither more nor less than a fraud.

Sheridan’s Answer (谢里登的答案)

A day two abhorrent (令人憎恶的)England Royal dukes(公爵) met with councilman Sheridan head to head. One of the two clapped his shoulder, said pungently(尖刻地):" Hello, Sheridan, we are haggling（= disputing） is whether the comer is more scoundrel(恶棍般的，卑鄙的) or more obtuse(=stupid)."
"Well" , Sheridan stood between them at once , saying nimbly:" I am just between the two of 薮佬！?
“哦，”谢里登往他们当中一站，机敏地说：“我恰好处于这两者之间。”

迷你小贴士——词义辨析

scoundrel：恶棍般的，无赖的。语气重，侧重为达目的，不择手段。
rascal：流氓的，无赖的，卑鄙的。侧重无视行为准则，不道德的。
blackguard：原指恶棍，低级庸俗的，滥骂人的。
knavish ：无赖的，欺诈的，不正直的。

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